English 12 Demo

Usually a reference to a historical or religious event.

Noun

allusion (plural allusions)

1. An indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication.

Determining what the text says and why.

Noun

Analysis

analysis (countable and uncountable, plural analyses)

(countable) Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory...).

1. 2013 July-August, Philip J. Bushnell, “Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, American Scientist: 

   Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that acute exposure to solvent vapors at concentrations below those associated with long-term effects appears to increase the risk of a fatal automobile accident. Furthermore, this increase in risk is comparable to the risk of death from leukemia after long-term exposure to benzene, another solvent, which has the well-known property of causing this type of cancer.

A tendency to believe something.

Noun

bias (countable and uncountable, plural biases or biasses)

1. (countable, uncountable) inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference,predilection
   
   • 1748. David Hume. Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. § 4.

     nature has pointed out a mixed kind of life as most suitable to the human race, and secretly admonished them to allow none of these biasses to draw too much

   • John Locke

     Morality influences men's lives, and gives a bias to all their actions.

Altering the natural order of biological processes.

Noun

bioengineering (uncountable)

1. The applications of the principles of engineering to any of the biological or medical sciences

Verb

cloning (countable and uncountable, plural clonings)

1. (biology) The production of a cloned embryo by transplanting the nucleus of a somatic cell into an ovum
2. (by extension) The production of an exact copy of an object

Adjective

connotative (comparative more connotative, superlative most connotative)

1. That implies or suggests something else.

General (often implicit) consent; practice based on this; accepted social behaviour especially if artificial or formal; accepted method of conduct used to convey information (Oxford Concise Dictionary)

A Guide to Reading and Analyzing Academic Articles, by Amanda Graham, 1997-2012, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

This activity is not limited to noting what’s wrong or bad about an article or accomplished by trying to justify your opinion of the article. Critiquing a piece of writing involves considering what the author has either told you or implies she or he is going to do (prove, explain, interpret) in the article and evaluating how well or not the author has done so. A critique can also serve to explain to its readers in what ways the article advances knowledge in the field (or not). In this context, it means an evaluative, thoughtful overview of literature (articles and books) in a particular field.

A Guide to Reading and Analyzing Academic Articles, by Amanda Graham, 1997-2012, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Noun

deduction (plural deductions)

1. That which is deducted; that which is subtracted or removed
2. A sum that can be removed from tax calculations; something that is written off

   You might want to donate the old junk and just take the deduction.

3. (logic) A process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.
4. A conclusion; that which is deduced, concluded or figured out

   He arrived at the deduction that the butler didn't do it.

5. The ability or skill to deduce or figure out; the power of reason

   Through his powers of deduction, he realized that the plan would never work.

Noun

DNA (uncountable)

1. (biochemistry) A biopolymer of deoxyribonucleic acids (a type of nucleic acid) that has four different chemical groups, called bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
2. (informal) That part of a person's character that has a genetic origin

Noun

etymology (plural etymologies)

1. (uncountable) The study of the historical development of languages, particularly as manifested in individual words.
2. (countable) An account of the origin and historical development of a word.

Adjective

explicit (comparative more explicit, superlative most explicit)

1. Very specific, clear, or detailed.

   I gave explicit instructions for him to stay here, but he followed me, anyway.

2. (euphemistic) Containing material (e.g. language or film footage) that might be deemed offensive or graphic.

   The film had several scenes including explicit language and sex.

For examples on Figurative Language

Adjective 

figurative (comparative more figurative, superlative most figurative)

1. Metaphorical or tropical, as opposed to literal; using figures; as of the use of "cats and dogs" in the phrase "It's raining cats and dogs."
2. Metaphorically so called
3. With many figures of speech
4. Emblematic; representative  

What we mean when we talk about implications in this context, is the larger meaning that the research or the idea the author has presented might have. When academics conduct and write about research, they intend it to make a difference, even if it’s only in a small way. What might a reader do with the results or the new knowledge presented in the paper?

A Guide to Reading and Analyzing Academic Articles, by Amanda Graham, 1997-2012, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Adjective

implicit (not comparable)

1. Implied indirectly, without being directly expressed 
   
2. Contained in the essential nature of something but not openly shown
3. Having no reservations or doubts; unquestioning or unconditional; usually said of faith or trust.
4. (obsolete) entangled, twisted together.